The Three Layers:
Form of Action – What people did
The tactical approach used: mass protests, strikes, uprisings, boycotts, legal challenges, civil disobedience, institution building.
Pathway to Change – How outcomes occurred
The mechanism linking action to result: direct participation, elite response, institutional reform, cultural shift.
Actor Type – Who led the action
The social positioning of participants: grassroots, elite-led, hybrid coalitions, expert-driven.
Why This Matters
This structure enables comparison across time and geography—revealing patterns that isolated case studies cannot show.
By documenting not just what happened but how change occurred, we can understand which approaches work under which conditions.
Current Status
The framework is under active development as part of our beta phase. We are refining categories and verification processes as we build the database.
Applications
The framework supports research, education, and evidence-based understanding of how collective action produces political change.
